Main Classification of DC Motors

Excitation mode

Shunt excitation DC motor

The excitation winding of the shunt excitation DC motor is in parallel with the armature winding. As a shunt excitation generator, the terminal voltage generated by the motor itself supplies power to the excitation winding; As a shunt excitation motor, the excitation winding and armature share the same power supply, which is the same as the shunt excitation DC motor in terms of performance.

 

Compound excitation DC motor

The compound excitation DC motor has two excitation windings, parallel excitation and series excitation. If the direction of the flux potential generated by the series winding is the same as that generated by the shunt winding, it is called the product compound excitation. If the directions of two magnetic flux potentials are opposite, it is called differential compound excitation.

 

Separately excited DC motor

The excitation winding has no connection with the armature winding, and the DC motor powered by other DC power sources is called separately excited DC motor. The permanent magnet DC motor can also be regarded as separately excited or self-excited DC motor, which is generally directly called permanent magnet.

 

Series-excited DC motor

The excitation winding and armature winding of the series excitation DC motor are connected in series and then connected to the DC power supply. The excitation current of this DC motor is the armature current.

 

Characteristic

DC motors with different excitation modes have different characteristics. Generally, the main excitation modes of DC motors are separate excitation and series excitation. Other excitation modes will be gradually eliminated with the continuous improvement of the electronic industry. The main excitation modes of DC generators are separate excitation, parallel excitation and compound excitation.

 

Main classification

Brushless DC motor

Brushless DC motor is a new type of DC motor developed in recent years with the development of microprocessor technology and the application of new power electronic devices with high switching frequency and low power consumption, as well as the optimization of control methods and the emergence of low cost and high magnetic energy level permanent magnet materials.

 

Brushless DC motor not only maintains the good speed regulation performance of traditional DC motor, but also has the advantages of no sliding contact and commutation spark, high reliability, long service life and low noise, so it has been widely used in aerospace, CNC machine tools, robots, electric vehicles, computer peripheral equipment and household appliances.

 

According to the different power supply modes, brushless DC motors can be divided into two categories: square wave brushless DC motors, whose back EMF waveform and supply current waveform are rectangular waves, also known as rectangular wave permanent magnet synchronous motors; The back EMF waveform and supply current waveform of sine wave brushless DC motor are both sine wave.

 

DC motor

A rotating device that converts DC electrical energy into mechanical energy. The motor stator provides the magnetic field, the DC power supply provides the current to the rotor winding, and the commutator keeps the direction of the rotor current and the torque generated by the magnetic field unchanged.

 

DC generator

DC generator is a machine that converts mechanical energy into DC electrical energy. It is mainly used as the DC motor for DC motor, electrolysis, electroplating, smelting, charging and excitation power supply of alternator. Although power rectifier elements are also used to convert AC power into DC power in places where DC power is needed, from some aspects of working performance, AC rectifier power cannot completely replace DC generators.

 

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