Steps for Motor Selection

When the motor is running or malfunctioning, there are four methods to prevent and eliminate the malfunction in a timely manner: looking, listening, smelling, and touching, to ensure the safe operation of the motor.

1、 Observe whether there are any abnormalities during the operation of the motor, which mainly manifest in the following situations.

When the stator winding is short circuited, smoke may be seen from the motor.

When the motor is severely overloaded or runs out of phase, the speed will slow down and there will be a heavy "buzzing" sound.

3. The motor maintenance network operates normally, but when it suddenly stops, sparks may be seen at the loose connection; The phenomenon of a fuse blowing or a component getting stuck.

4. If the motor vibrates violently, it may be due to jamming of the transmission device, poor fixation of the motor, loose foundation bolts, etc.

5. If there is discoloration, burning marks, and smoke stains at the internal contacts and connections of the motor, it indicates that there may be local overheating, poor contact at the conductor connections, or burnt windings.

2、 When listening to the normal operation of the motor, it should emit a uniform and light "buzzing" sound, without any noise or special sounds.

If too much noise is emitted, including electromagnetic noise, bearing noise, ventilation noise, mechanical friction noise, etc., it may be a precursor or phenomenon of a malfunction.

1. For electromagnetic noise, if the motor emits a loud and heavy sound, the reasons may be as follows:
(1) The air gap between the stator and rotor is uneven, and the sound fluctuates between high and low frequencies with the same interval time. This is caused by bearing wear, which causes the stator and rotor to be not concentric.
(2) The three-phase current is unbalanced. This is due to incorrect grounding, short circuit, or poor contact of the three-phase winding. If the sound is very dull, it indicates that the motor is severely overloaded or running out of phase.
(3) Loose iron core. The vibration of the motor during operation causes the fixing bolts of the iron core to loosen, causing the silicon steel sheet of the iron core to loosen and emit noise.

2. For bearing noise, it should be monitored frequently during motor operation. The monitoring method is to press one end of the screwdriver against the mounting area of the bearing, and the other end is close to the ear to hear the sound of the bearing running. If the bearing operates normally, its sound will be a continuous and small "rustling" sound, without any fluctuations in height or metal friction sound.

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