Starting of Single-phase AC Induction Motors

Capacitor starting motor

A capacitor starting motor has a starting winding in addition to the operating winding, which is connected to the power supply through a capacitor and a centrifugal switch. When there is a power input and the rotor is in a stationary state, the capacitor introduces a phase deviation, causing the starting winding to generate an asymmetric magnetic field in the magnetic field, which can rotate the rotor (by connecting a large capacity starting capacitor in the starting winding, the electric phase angle of the main and secondary windings is 90 ° after power on, which can generate a large starting torque and make the rotor start and operate). As the rotational speed of the rotor increases, the centrifugal switch opens, cutting off the starting winding. At this time, only the running winding of the motor is in working condition during operation. Widely used in household appliances such as electric fans, exhaust fans, and range hoods.

The structure of a split phase motor is basically the same as that of a capacitor starting motor, but the difference is that there is no capacitor in the internal circuit. The symmetry of the internal magnetic field can be adjusted by changing the relative position between the starting winding and the operating winding. The two windings differ by a significant phase angle, causing the current and magnetic flux in the secondary winding to reach their maximum value earlier than the main winding, thus generating a magnetic flux that rotates around the stator. This rotating magnetic flux cuts the conductor on the rotor, causing the rotor conductor to induce a large current. The magnetic flux generated by the current interacts with the stator flux, and the rotor generates a starting torque. Once the motor is started and the speed rises to 70% of the rated speed, the centrifugal switch will disconnect the secondary winding and cut off the power, allowing the motor to operate normally. Widely used in household appliances such as refrigerators, washing machines, and air conditioners.

The structure of the split capacitor motor is basically the same as that of the capacitor starting motor, but the difference is that the centrifugal switch is removed. The starting winding is directly connected to the AC power supply through a capacitor, providing continuous power to the starting winding, thereby generating an asymmetric magnetic field. Therefore, the current passing through the starting winding must be very small. Suitable for application in electrical equipment such as exhaust fans and exhaust fans that require low starting torque.

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