The Rotating Principle of Brushless Motors

① Rotate counterclockwise from initial state

Coil A is at the top, connect the power supply to the brush, set it to (+) on the left and (-) on the right.A large current flows from the left brush through the commutator to coil A.
This is the structure where the upper (outer) part of coil A becomes an S-pole.

Due to the fact that half of the current in coil A flows from the left brush to coil B and coil C in the opposite direction to coil A, the outer sides of coil B and coil C become weak N-poles (represented by slightly smaller letters in the figure).

The magnetic field generated in these coils, as well as the repulsive and attractive effects of the magnets, subject the coils to a force of counterclockwise rotation.

② Further counterclockwise rotation

Next, assuming that coil A rotates counterclockwise by 30 °, the right brush contacts two commutators.The current of coil A continues to flow from the left brush to the right brush, and the outer side of the coil maintains the S-pole.The same current as coil A flows through coil B, and the outer side of coil B becomes a stronger N-pole.Due to the short circuit of the brushes at both ends of coil C, there is no current flow or magnetic field generation.

Even in this case, there will be a force of counterclockwise rotation.

The coil on the upper side from ③ to ④ is continuously subjected to a left moving force, while the coil on the lower side is continuously subjected to a right moving force and continues to rotate counterclockwise.In other words, the upper coil is repeatedly subjected to a force moving to the left, while the lower coil is repeatedly subjected to a force moving to the right (both in a counterclockwise direction). This causes the rotor to always rotate counterclockwise.

If the power supply is connected to the opposite left brush (-) and right brush (+), a magnetic field in the opposite direction will be generated in the coil, so the direction of the force applied to the coil will also be opposite, becoming clockwise rotation.

In addition, when the power supply is disconnected, the rotor of the brush motor will stop rotating due to the absence of the magnetic field that allows it to continue rotating.

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