Structure of Small Motors

The basic components of stepper motors, brushless direct current (DC) motors, and brushless direct current (DC) motors are mainly coils, magnets, and rotors. Additionally, due to different types, they are divided into coil fixed and magnet fixed types.

Some stepper motors have coils fixed on the outside and magnets rotating on the inside.

Some brushless DC motors have magnets fixed on the outside and coils rotating on the inside. The brush and commutator are responsible for supplying power to the coil and changing the direction of the current.

Some brushless motors have coils fixed on the outside and magnets rotating on the inside.

Due to the different types of motors, even if the basic components are the same, their structures may vary.

Structure of Brushed Motor

The permanent magnet of a brushless DC motor is fixed, and the coil of a brushless DC motor can rotate around the internal center. The fixed side is called the "stator", and the rotating side is called the "rotor".

There are three commutators (curved metal sheets for current switching) on the periphery of the rotating central axis. To avoid contact with each other, the commutators are configured with a spacing of 120 ° (360 ° ÷ 3) between them. The commutator rotates with the rotation of the shaft.

A commutator is connected with one coil end and another coil end, and three commutators and three coils form a circuit network as a whole (ring).

Two brushes are fixed at 0 ° and 180 ° to make contact with the commutator. The external DC power supply is connected to the brush, and the current flows along the path of brush → commutator → coil → brush.

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