Basic Structure of Asynchronous Motor

1.The basic structure of a single-phase asynchronous motor is that it only requires a single-phase AC power supply. A single-phase asynchronous motor consists of a stator, rotor, bearings, casing, end caps, etc. The stator is composed of a machine base and an iron core with windings. The iron core is made by punching and pressing silicon steel sheets into slots, and two sets of main windings (also known as running windings) and auxiliary windings (also known as starting windings composed of auxiliary windings) are embedded in the slots at a distance of 909 electrical angles. The main winding is connected to the AC power supply, and the auxiliary winding is connected in series with the centrifugal switch S or the starting capacitor, running capacitor, etc. before being connected to the power supply. The rotor is a cage shaped cast aluminum rotor, which is made by pressing the iron core and casting aluminum into the slot of the iron core, and casting end rings together to short-circuit the rotor conductor into a squirrel cage shape.

Single phase asynchronous motors are divided into single-phase resistance starting asynchronous motors, single-phase capacitor starting asynchronous motors, single-phase capacitor running asynchronous motors, and single-phase dual value capacitor asynchronous motors.

2.Basic structure of three-phase asynchronous motor

A three-phase asynchronous motor is mainly composed of a stator and a rotor, with bearings. The stator is mainly composed of an iron core, three-phase windings, a motor base, and an end cap. The stator core is generally made of silicon steel sheets with insulation layer on the surface of 0.35~0.5 mm thick, punched and pressed. There are evenly distributed slots punched on the inner circle of the core for embedding the stator winding. The three-phase winding is composed of three identical windings arranged in a symmetrical manner at an electrical angle of 120 ° in space. The coils of these windings are embedded in the stator slots according to certain rules. Its function is to introduce three-phase alternating current and generate a rotating magnetic field.

The base is usually made of cast iron. The base of large asynchronous motors is generally welded with steel plates, while the base of micro motors is made of cast aluminum. Its function is to fix the stator core and front and rear end caps to support the rotor, and to provide protection, heat dissipation, and other functions. The enclosed motor has heat dissipation ribs on the outside of the base to increase the heat dissipation area, while the protective motor has ventilation holes on both ends of the base cover to allow direct convection of air inside and outside the motor, facilitating heat dissipation. The end cover mainly serves to fix the rotor, support and protect it. The rotor is mainly composed of iron core and winding. The material used for the rotor core is the same as that of the stator, which is made by punching and pressing 0.5mm thick silicon steel sheets. The outer circle of the silicon steel sheets is punched with evenly distributed holes to accommodate the rotor winding. Usually, the inner circle of silicon steel sheets after punching the stator core is used to punch the rotor core. The rotor iron core of a typical small asynchronous motor is directly pressed onto the shaft, while the rotor iron core of a large or medium-sized asynchronous motor (with a rotor diameter of 300-400 millimeters or more) is pressed onto the shaft with the help of a rotor bracket.

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